Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Background Addicted patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment are prone to several complications and the risk of relapse. Objective The present study aims to investigate the effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on depression, anxiety, and craving in addicted male people undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Methods This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 60 male patients referred to Persia addiction treatment center between 2021 and 2022. Patients were randomly divided into two equal treatment and placebo groups. The treatment group received cranial electrotherapy stimulation intervention for 48 sessions of 30 min. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hamilton questionnaire before and after the intervention, and the level of craving was also evaluated with the Federdi 2008 questionnaire. Results Comparing the level of depression and anxiety before and after the intervention in both treatment and placebo groups did not show any significant difference (p < 0.05). Craving after the intervention was significantly different in both groups and was lower in the treatment group compared to the placebo group (33.43 versus 42.17, p = 0.004). In the placebo group, the level of anxiety and depression, and in the treatment group, the level of depression, anxiety and craving for consumption decreased significantly after the intervention compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion Cranial electrotherapy stimulation did not have a significant effect on reducing the level of depression and anxiety of patients, but it is effective in the reduction of craving in addicted people undergoing methadone maintenance treatment....
Background/Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but complex vascular anomalies, particularly challenging when located in eloquent regions such as the corpus callosum and post-central gyrus. This report aims to highlight the management and outcomes of a 41-year-old female patient with a hemorrhagic AVM in these critical areas, emphasizing the importance of early surgical intervention and advanced imaging techniques. Methods: The patient presented with a right-sided tonic–clonic seizure and expressive aphasia, prompting imaging that revealed a complex AVM with deep venous drainage and arterial supply from the anterior cerebral artery. A multidisciplinary team performed microsurgical resection via a left parasagittal fronto-parietal craniotomy. The surgical approach prioritized hematoma evacuation followed by a stepwise dissection of the AVM nidus under intraoperative monitoring. Results: Complete resection of the AVM was confirmed through postoperative angiographic and CT imaging. The patient showed stable recovery over 15 months, with no recurrence or new neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the critical role of advanced imaging, intraoperative strategies, and a multidisciplinary approach in achieving successful outcomes. Conclusions: Microsurgical resection remains the gold standard for AVMs in eloquent and deep-seated brain regions. Early diagnosis and tailored surgical interventions are crucial for managing these high-risk cases. This case underscores the importance of integrating advanced imaging, strategic surgical planning, and intraoperative monitoring to minimize complications and optimize long-term recovery....
Introduction: Postpartum mental disorders are psychopathological states that affect women after childbirth. These disorders often negatively impact a child’s mental health and the mother-child bond. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of mental disorders during the postpartum period at the University Community Health Center of Konobougou in Mali. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study took place from March 1 to July 31, 2022, for four months. Results: The study involved 201 immediate postpartum women at the Konobougou Community and University Health Center. The 20-35 age group accounted for 70.00% of the population; the average age was 24 years ± 5.95 years, with a range of 15 to 45 years. Married women made up 96.00% of the sample. The overall frequency of mental disorders was 15.92%. The mental disorders recorded were postpartum depression (5.47%), anxiety disorders (3.98%), postpartum blues (5.47%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (0.50%). Puerperal psychosis was found in 0.50% of the participants. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of mental disorders among postpartum women in Konobougou, Mali. During postnatal consultations, health workers should prioritize screening for mental health disorders....
In many medical settings, medications are typically administered in the morning or evening, aligning with patients’ daily routines. This practice does not stem from chronotherapy, which involves scheduling drug administration to enhance its effectiveness, but rather from the way clinical operations are structured. The timing of drug administration can significantly affect a medication’s effectiveness and side effects, with the impact varying by up to ten times based on circadian rhythms. Disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are linked to disruptions in these rhythms. Recent studies have found that circadian dysfunctions, including genetic and neurohumoral changes, underlie many psychiatric conditions. Issues such as an altered glucocorticoid rhythm due to impaired HPA axis function, disturbed melatonin balance, and sleep disturbances have been noted in psychotic disorders. Furthermore, mood disorders have been associated with changes in the expression of circadian rhythm genes such as Clock, Bmal1, and Per. Considering that the absorption, biodistribution, effects on target organs, half-life, metabolism, and elimination of drugs are all influenced by the body’s circadian rhythms, this narrative review explores the optimal timing of medication administration to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. By closely monitoring circadian variations in cortisol, melatonin, and key clock genes, as well as by deepening our understanding of the metabolisms and pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic medications, we propose a chronotherapy approach for psychiatric patients that could significantly enhance patient care....
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynaecological problem for women of reproductive age. Depression and anxiety are common conditions that occur in women with PCOS and have an impact on mental well-being. However, there is a lack of data on their prevalence and its associated factors in the Thai population. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among women with PCOS and identify the factors associated with depression and anxiety in women with PCOS as well as their impact on mental well-being in Thailand. Methods A total of 260 women aged 15 to 40 years diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria were included in the study. Physical examinations were conducted, and participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Thai version WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5 Thai) questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety, and mental well-being, respectively. The prevalence and prevalence rations (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for depression and anxiety were analysed using modified Poisson regression analyses with robust variance estimators. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and poor mental well-being among women with PCOS was found to be 3.85%, 11.92%, and 16.92%, respectively. Abdominal obesity (PR 24.25, 95% CI: 2.75–219.50; p = 0.004), poor mental well-being (PR 16.68, 95% CI: 4.02–69.18; p = < 0.001), and snoring (PR 10.26, 95% CI: 2.06–51.14; p = 0.005) were identified as factors associated with depression in women with PCOS. Having children (PR 6.22, 95% CI: 2.90-13.35; p = < 0.001), alcohol drinking (PR 3.41, 95% CI: 1.52–7.65; p = 0.003), poor mental well-being (PR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.14–4.74; p = 0.021), and hirsutism (PR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.18–4.22; p = 0.014) were found to be relative factors for anxiety in women with PCOS. Conclusion Women with PCOS is associated with high prevalences of depression and anxiety. Poor mental wellbeing was identified as key factors associated with both depression and anxiety in women with PCOS. Based on these findings, the present study suggests that screening for depression and anxiety should be conducted for all women with PCOS, especially those who present with poor mental well-being....
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